Public speaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Public speaking - Essay Example Nicole, personal communication, October 2, 2014). However, the third person said that although he may experience a specific amount of fear especially based on the size of the crowd, this feeling gradually disappears as the speech proceeds (E. Jason, personal communication, October 2, 2014). This is because he gains more confidence. He also added that this adjustment is determined by the reaction of the crowd. Personally, I am not afraid to speak in public. This is because I have had adequate exposure throughout my life. I began by having short speeches during family gatherings when I was young. In addition, I do not attempt to make perfect conversations. Instead, I talk freely without intending to please the audience. This turns out on my favor because I find myself pleasing the audience without intending to do so directly. Nevertheless, at times, I may develop some fear especially if the crowd is huge. During such instances, I refer to personal cognitive therapy by performing activi ties that may boost my confidence such as performing deep breathing exercises prior to appearing before the

Uncle Toms Cabin Analytical Essay Essay Example for Free

Uncle Toms Cabin Analytical Essay Essay Critic Moira Davison Reynolds describes Uncle Toms Cabin as skillfully and artistically constructed propaganda that contributed mightily to massive reform (ix). As such, its author, Harriet Beecher Stowe has been placed among the greatest Americans that ever lived and at one time was the most famous woman in the country (Reynolds 146). Born on June 14, 1811, to a remarkably accomplished family of orators, educators and pioneering social activists, Harriet Elizabeth Beecher followed in the footsteps of her politically active family and took up the banner of anti-slavery reform. Her passion for the cause is said to have come to her as a result of her time spent in Ohio observing the results of the fugitive slave laws (Reynolds 159). Uncle Toms Cabin is a text intended to shock its readers into rejecting Slavery. At the same time, it is intended to raise the sympathy of its audience by humanizing the slave. This paper discusses how Stowe achieves each of these things in her novel and how effective she was. This paper also investigates the role of family feeling in Stowes novel: it serves the conflicted purpose of motivating white Americans to fight against slavery while also providing the basis for imagining the nation as a reassuringly racially pure family home. The Family Feeling in Rejecting Slavery and Humanizing the Slave At the center of Stowes abolitionist argument is the fact that slavery destroys families. The separation through sale or death by neglect of children from parents, husbands from wives, sisters from brothers, receives her harshest and most consistent criticism throughout the novel. In her final appeal to her readers, Stowe writes, The writer has given only a faint shadow, a dim picture, of the anguish and despair that are, at this very moment, riving thousands of hearts, shattering thousands of families, and driving a helpless and sensitive race to frenzy and despair (384). The two precipitating events that set the novel in motion are framed as instances of slaverys disregard for any family feeling. Mr. Shelby is driven by financial concerns to separate Tom from his wife and children and George Jr. from his parents, regardless of any claims to affection for his slaves or promises he has made for their manumission. In addition to following the diverging fates of Tom and Eliza, the novel produces what James Baldwin called a catalogue of violence (496), providing numerous examples of familial destruction at the hands of ruthless slave traders and vicious owners. One illustrative example is the story of Lucy, a woman purchased by the slave trader Haley as he takes Tom down to the New Orleans market early in the novel. When Haley sells her son, Lucy waits until dark and throws herself into the river. Her suicide is never mentioned again, but the tragedy of her death is one element of the constant backdrop of familial destruction as Tom travels deeper into slave territory. In addition to feeling horror at these and other stories throughout the novel, the reader is meant to feel particular distaste for those characters who are not so moved by such willful destruction of family ties. For example, Mr. Shelby describes Haley the slave trader as someone who would sell his own mother at a good percentage not wishing the old woman any harm, either (30). Haleys villainy is expressed not just through his actions, but through his lack of proper familial affections. Marie St. Claire, Evas deeply self-absorbed mother, is almost as much a villain as Haley, not least because she refuses to believe that her slaves love their families in the same way that white women do. She complains, Now, St. Claire really has talked to me as if keeping Mammy from her husband was like keeping me from mine. Theres no comparing in this way. Mammy couldnt have the feelings I should. Its a different thing altogether as if Mammy could love her dirty babies as I love Eva! (151). The corruption of families by slavery is more than a series of individual tragedies; it is a blight on both the civic and spiritual life of the nation as a whole. Stowe writes, Nothing of tragedy can be written, can be spoken, can be conceived, that equals the frightful reality of scenes daily and hourly acting on our shores, beneath the shadow of American law, and the shadow of the cross of Christ (384). The scenes of family destructions to which Stowe refers in the passage picture the worst travesties of maternal care she can imagine infanticide and suicide of mothers who chose death for themselves and their children over slavery. The solution to the crisis of slavery lies in a restoration of proper family feeling, a call which Stowe frames in national terms. In her most extended direct address to the reader in the last chapter of the novel, she writes an incantatory call to the men and women of America, and particularly the mothers of America to draw on their own experience of parental love as a means through which to fight for the end of slavery. She writes, And now, men and women of America, is this a thing to be trifled with, apologized for, and passed over in silence? And you, mothers of America, you, who have learned, by the cradles of your children, to love and feel for all mankind, by the sacred love you bear your child; I beseech you, pity those mothers that are constantly made childless by the American slave-trade! And say, mothers of America, is this a thing to be defended, sympathized with, passed over in silence? (384) In the logic of her call, to fight against slavery is to fight for not just individual families, but for the duty and love that families are divinely sanctioned to inspire and protect. To love anyone properly, to be moved to defend the rights of other mothers to love their own children, one must first draw from their own experience. If that familial love is as strong as it is supposed to be, then slavery would be unconscionable. The tactic of mobilizing sentiment is used throughout the book to force the reader to consider slavery in light of her own family life. When Tom is separated from his children at the beginning of the novel, the narrator breaks from the event to address the reader and call up his or her own feelings over lost children. After describing Toms tears, she writes, just such tears, sir, as you dropped into the coffin where lay your first-born son; such tears, woman, as you shed when you heard the cries of your dying babe. For, sir, he was a man, and you are but another man (34). By seeing Tom as but another man, the reader must temporarily abandon the distinctions that make slavery if not racism possible, although this temporary suspension is challenged by the novels resolution. Stowe also calls on the readers to shift their frame of reference when considering the sale of human beings by addressing those slaves for sale at the New Orleans auction through the nominal forms of family: Then you shall be courteously entreated to call and examine, and shall find an abundance of husbands, wives, brothers, sisters, fathers, mothers, and young children, to be sold separately, or in lots to suit the convenience of the purchaser' (283). The reformist impact of the image is meant to lie in the use of affectionate names for family juxtaposed to the utilitarian language of commerce. Such moments call up the readers indignation; other moments are meant to inspire the readers admiration. Another method through which Stowe humanizes slaves is stressing their familiar bonds and characteristics. In many ways, George and Eliza are ideal parents and spouses. Eliza, described as beautiful, educated, and kind, risks her life to prevent losing her son to Haley, the slave trader. Her dedication is distilled in the famous dash across the ice floes to get into Ohio from Kentucky (52). George, also handsome and intelligent, is willing to risk his life to protect Eliza. When they are being pursued by Haley and Tom Loker, George exclaims, And now, Eliza, Ill give my last drop of blood, but they shall not take you from me. Whoever gets you must walk over my dead body (165). George defines his masculinity through his marriage, telling Eliza, your loving me, why, it was almost like raising one from the dead! Ive been a new man ever since! (165). Conversely, Elizas femininity is framed through her ability to tame to proper proportions Georges occasional violent and irreligious impulses by enclosing them within domesticity. In their first scene together in the novel, George comes to Eliza in a rage, telling her about the numerous offenses committed by his masters. He hints several times that he might retaliate with violence, and Eliza urges him to control his temper through prayer: What are you going to do? O, George, dont do anything wicked; if you only trust in God, and try to do right, hell deliver you. I aint a Christian like you, Eliza; my hearts full of bitterness; I cant trust in God. Why does he let this be so? (15) George can only respond to Elizas influence when they have escaped slavery and are able to establish as sense of home while living with the Quakers. Home is described as a circle within which proper family and religious sentiment can develop. This, indeed, was a home, home, — a word that George had never yet known a meaning for; and a belief in God, and trust in his providence, began to circle his heart, as, with a golden cloud of protection and confidence, dark, misanthropic, pining, atheistic doubts, and fierce despair, melted away. (122). This passage describes the kind of familial sentiment that Stowe continually tries to incite in her readers throughout the text. According to Stowe, white families fail most consistently throughout the novel. Her calls for the readers to sympathize with the suffering of African American families under slavery is in part an attempt to move them to action, but it is also an attempt to get them to reform their own family feelings and connections to feel right not just about the issue of slavery, but about how to behave as a member of a white Christian family and nation. After all, the first scene of the novel shows us the tactless slave trader sullying the white family parlor, and throughout the novel, white family feeling fails, despite the best intentions of their members. The Shelbys provide an example. Mrs. Shelby treats her slaves with kindness, and imparts to them the value of domesticity. When she finds out that Mr. Shelby has contracted to sell George Jr. , she exclaims, I have taught them the duties of the family, of parent and child, and husband and wife; and how can I bear to have this open acknowledgement that we care for no tie, no duty, no relation, however sacred, compared to money? (29). She does her best to protect both Tom and Eliza, but in the end she cannot change her husbands decision. But the Shelbys failures are not unique. Husbands like Shelby and St. Claire mismanage money or die prematurely and the familys slaves must be sold down the river. Mothers are either ineffectual like Mrs. Shelby or actively awful like Marie St. Claire: as a result, families are separated and beatific children die of consumption. Two of the most powerful figures of maternal influence in the novel the dead mothers of St. Claire and Simon Legree can be read as symbols of retribution and reform. Legree is driven mad by the thought of the perfect love that his mother once had for him (323), but that perfect love is only a fearful torture, and in fact it drives him to redouble his efforts to rape Emmeline. He declares, Curse me, if I think theres any such thing as forgetting anything, any how, — hang it! Im lonesome! I mean to call Em. She hates me the monkey! I dont care, —Ill make her come! (323). St. Claire describes his mother as divine (195), and it is under the influence of her spirit that he begins to take the legal steps to manumit his slaves. But her influence arrives too late; St. Claire is stabbed to death while out on a walk, and Tom is sold down the river once again. The novel is plagued by such incidents, and at each stage they elicit sympathy from the readers, sympathy explicitly structured by the family form. The tragedy we are meant to feel most strongly is the failure of white families to function properly. Conclusion It can be concluded that Uncle Toms Cabin was effective in rejecting slavery and raising the sympathy of its audience by humanizing the slave. Stowe achieves each of these things in her novel through investigation of the role of family feeling: it serves the conflicted purpose of motivating white Americans to fight against slavery while also providing the basis for imagining the nation as a reassuringly racially pure family home. The restoration of George and Eliza Harris’ family after their harrowing escape from slavery and their decision to repatriate to Liberia are rendered in the service of the novels desire to rehabilitate white domesticity on both the familial and the national scale. Works Cited Baldwin, James. Everybodys Protest Novel. 1955. Harriet Beecher Stowe s Uncle Toms Cabin. Ed. Elizabeth Ammons. A Norton Critical Edition. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1994. 495-501. Reynolds, Moira Davison. Uncle Toms Cabin and Mid-Nineteenth Century United States. North Carolina: McFarland, 1985. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Toms Cabin. 1852. Ed. Elizabeth Ammons. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1994.

To Kill A Mockingbird: Great Quotes By The Characters :: essays research papers

To Kill A Mockingbird: Great Quotes by the Characters Atticus Respectful of other people Talking about Bob Ewell spitting in his face): "I wish Bob Ewell wouldn't chew tobacco." Page 220 Chapter 23 Responding to Jem talking about Mrs. Dubose not being a lady: "She was. She had her own views about things, a lot different from mine, maybe...son, I told you that if you hadn't lost your head I'd have made you go and read to her. I wanted you to see something about her-I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of seeing courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and see through it no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. Mrs. Dubose won, all ninety-eight pounds of her. According to her views, she died beholding to nothing and nobody. She was the bravest person I ever knew." Page 116 Chapter 11 Talking to Scout: Atticus turned his head and pinned me to the wall with his good eye. His voice was deadly: "First, apologize to your aunt." Page 138 Chapter 14 Talking to Jem: "Mr. Cunningham was part of a mob last night, but he is still a man. Every mob in every little Southern town is always made up of people you know- doesn't say much for the, does it?" Page 160 Chapter 16 Determined Talking to Scout: "Scout, simply by the nature of the work, every lawyer gets one case in his lifetime that affects him personally. This one's mine I guess. You might here some ugly talk about it at school, but do one thing for me if you will: you just hold your head high and keep your fists down." Page 80 Chapter 9 Talking to Scout: "Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try and win." Page 80 Chapter 9 Talking to Calpurnia: Atticus' eyes filled with tears. He did not speak for a moment. "Tell them I'm very grateful," he said. "Tell them- tell them they must never do this again. Times are too hard...." Page 216 Chapter 22 Talking to Calpurnia: Atticus' eyes filled with tears. He did not speak for a moment. "Tell them I'm very grateful," he said. "Tell them- tell them they must never do this again. Times are too hard...." Page 216 Chapter 22 Clever Talking to Mayella Ewell: "You're becoming suddenly clear at this point. A while ago you couldn't remember too well, could you?" Page 189 Chapter 18

Recordkeeping System

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM This chapter of the study presents the problems ascertained from the researchers’ gathered data, the objectives, the scope, delimitations and limitations, and the significance of the study. Introduction Record keeping system is a systematic procedure by which the records of an office/organization are created, captured, maintained and disposed of. This system also ensures the record’s preservation for evidential purposes, accurate and efficient updating, timely availability, and control of access to them only by authorized personnel. A record keeping system has four components namely the records, people, processes and tools. Records are the information resources which can be presented in any format and are the ones needed to document office or organizational activities. On the other hand, people represent the authorized personnel and record contacts who oversee the records management program. Processes are the procedures on how to manage records throughout their life cycle. And tools comprise the computer or software programs, shelving and file cabinets, folders, etc. , all of which keep the records organized. There are basically two procedures on how to manage records. One is manually and the other is through the use of computers and/or software programs. In manual record keeping a pen and paper could work adequately. Inexpensive and pre-formatted record books which are available at most office supply can also do the manual record keeping. While others may imply that manual record keeping are accurate for as long as manual records can be understood or explained if questioned, many others don’t seem to be convinced for several reasons. One, processing of data is slow in manual record keeping because one has to browse over the shelves and filing cabinets all day to search for a single file. Two, retrieving of records sometimes seem impossible because there are no back-up files. So once a record is lost it ends there. These are but few of the problems encountered using the manual record keeping system, both of which contributed to the rise of computerized record keeping. Computerized record keeping works on the same principles as a manual system. The only difference is that the computer automates the process so it is faster and more accurate, thus providing the user with records that are trustworthy. According to researches, trustworthy records are reliable, authentic, complete and unaltered, and usable. But to ensure that the records are trustworthy, the system must preserve the information within the records (content), the circumstances under which the records were created or received (context), and the relationship between the parts of the record (structure). All of which can be acquired preferably when using a computerized record keeping system. Having gathered all those concepts aforementioned above about record keeping, the researchers came up with the idea of proposing a computerized record keeping system for the benefit of the NSTP office since they are currently managing students’ records manually. National Service Training Program or NSTP is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three program components namely Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), Literacy Training Service and Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS). NSTP office is among the twenty offices in Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Lipa. It is currently headed by Dr. Armando Mendoza who is also the head of the PE Department. Yet the said office offers the two program components, the ROTC and CWTS respectively. And since all the freshmen in the college are required to take up NSTP as one of their subjects, it can be assumed that the said office handles a lot of student records, hundreds or even thousands depending upon the number of enrollees every academic year. Considering the number of records that the office handles or manages, a need to abide to the different changes such as having a computerized system is highly advisable. More so, having a computerized record keeping system will help the office or its head Dr. Mendoza itself to make trustworthy records and keep track of them and to avoid lost of students records. Statement of the Problem This states the problems ascertained from the researchers’ gathered data. 1. NSTP Office which offers two program components namely ROTC and CWTS manage students’ records using a manual record keeping system. 2. As a result of utilizing a manual record keeping in the NSTP Office, timely availability of files is often unattainable. 3. Employing a manual record keeping system in the NSTP Office cuts down the life cycle of the files because there are no back up copies, so there is basically no solution once a file is accidentally lost. Objectives of the Study This asserts the objectives that correspond to the ascertained problems. 1. The researchers aspire to develop a computerized record keeping system which will automate the process so it is faster and more accurate, providing the NSTP Office records that are trustworthy. 2. Moreover, the researchers also intend to assist the NSTP Office to attain the timely availability of files via the database incorporated in their proposed automated record keeping system. 3. Furthermore, the researchers aim to lengthen the life span of the files managed by the NSTP Office via a system which enables the user to create back up copies for his files. Scope, Delimitations and Limitations of the Study This part presents the coverage, exclusions, restrictions, limits and boundaries of the study. The system proposed by the researchers will focus mainly on the record keeping system of the NSTP office. The researchers intend to mitigate the possible solutions to the problems presented herein by means of developing a system that will assist the NSTP Head in matters that involves students’ records and its maintenance, user-convenience and retrieval. They will rely only on the gathered data and from there will start on reaching their objectives. The proposed system or program comprises a database system which will facilitate in an organized and efficient compilation of students’ records. In addition, the study will also cover the merging of the record keeping system of the ROTC and CWTS Office. However, the proposed system will provide separate modules for ROTC and for CWTS. Different security pin will be assigned for the two modules so that only the ROTC head can access their office’s records and only the CWTS Head can access their office’s records and vice versa. In spite of this, the NSTP Head will have access on both modules. Accordingly, time consumed in compiling, searching and transferring of records will be trimmed down. On the contrary, the study pays no attention to the grading system utilized by the ROTC and the CWTS Office. Thus, the researchers’ proposed system are not liable for the means of evaluation of the students’ grades done inside the office other than the inputting of final grades and the maintenance of students’ records. Furthermore, the study concentrates merely on automating the record keeping system of the NSTP Office which comprises the management of students’ records of all the freshmen who are taking up NSTP as one of their subjects as well as maintaining, and securing them via the proposed system. Significance of the Study This part affirms the importance of the study. The findings of this study are hoped to be beneficial to the following: The NSTP Office. The findings of this study are a concrete appraisal of the implementation of computer programs in their record keeping system. Likewise, the findings of this study could provide them useful and possible solutions to the problems presented herein; The institution. This study can be used as a guide in measuring how well students learned from their classes more specifically on research and application of other theories learned from various related subjects; and The researchers. This study will serve as a guide and reference material that can be used for future research work. The presentation of information provided in this study can be a basis for research students who will be doing research for the first time.

Punishment in the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Hebrew Bible

Not everyone has the same idea in mind about punishment, and nor did other countries from other times. The following books: The Iliad, The Odyssey, and The Hebrew Bible, entitling instances of cheating, kidnapping and murder, insulting and their punishment. Very rarely would you get away with something unseen because the Gods saw everything, and they could do just about anything known on earth to mankind or even to each other. Anything was punishable whatever time ear it was, and the Gods would cease the chance to take seeked revenge upon another. In many of the Greek based books, there was a lot of cheating going on. In the Hebrew Bible, there are severe punishments for cheating. In book I of The Iliad, Agamemnon had stated: â€Å"the daughter of Chryses. I have set my heart on keeping her in my own house, for I love her better even than my own wife Clytemnestra, whose peer she is alike in form and feature, in understanding and accomplishments. † In this statement, Agamemnon rathers Breisis, over his very wife because she is similar in looks, therefore would cheat instead of going back to his wife over some foolish love for a girl! Within the Odyssey, book III, one example is about how Nestor explains to Telemachus, – â€Å"†¦ ut we were over there, fighting hard at Troy, and Aegisthus who was taking his ease quietly in the heart of Argos, cajoled (consoled? ) Agamemnon's wife Clytemnestra with incessant flattery. † In the Hebrew bible, it states, Leviticus 20:10 â€Å"If a man commits adultery with another man's wife–with the wife of his neighbor–both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death. † So if caught cheating, followed by what the Hebrew bible says to do, you will be put to death. So if you are the one putting someone to death for adultery, doesn’t that make you the murder? To take away a living being’s life? Throughout the Iliad and the Odyssey, there are many points where women are given as prizes. So if the women are given as a prize, is it counted as cheating? In the Iliad, punishment to Agamemnon’s adulterous wife, Agamemnon kills her. In the Odyssey, Clytemnestra tries to take her love, Aegisthus for revenge. Soon enough, he is also put to the death, and she as well. In the Hebrew bible, one quote that represents well is Deuteronomy 22:22 â€Å"If a man is found sleeping with another man's wife, both the man who slept with her and the woman must die. You must purge the evil from Israel. So the average punishment for adultery, or cheating, was the death penalty. Kidnapping was also a big theme in the Iliad, in which Breisis, daughter of the priest Apollo, was kidnapped by Agamemnon, whom professes his love for her and does not want to give her up for life itself. Helen to was kidnapped by Paris, in order to fulfill their love, but making things worse. In the Odyssey, Persephone is kidnapped by Hades, and brought to the underworld six months of the year. s Exodus 21:16: â€Å"Anyone who kidnaps another and either sells him or still has him when he is caught must be put to death. † So is there a pattern for death at this time back then? Yes, indeed! In the Iliad, many people like Ajax the greater and Ajax the lesser and Agamemnon both insult Achilles for not fighting, but then Achilles also takes his prize of Breisis. Being insulted was part of the shame culture and many of the men would rather die than shame their village or family. In the Odyssey, book XVIII, Cached  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  SimilarYou +1'd this publicly. Undo after suffering enough insults from the servant-girl: Melantho, Odysseus is taunted by Eurymachus, who also hurls a footstool, though missing. Insulting could get charges put on them. When you have insulted someone, due to what the Hebrew bible says, they are to be stoned to the death, even for the first offense. Punishment pretty well was all the same in the Hebrew bible, with even the first violation being stoned to death, but also anything that may not even be a violation tied together with another one. They all come out with the same outcome of death, usually stoning. In the Iliad, many of the punishments too were death, and so to also in the Odyssey. Between these three books, they had just a different timing on things. Now days with cheating or adultery, it is taken pretty well lightly. Kidnapping is still yet not light, but it is taken more serious to find the kidnapped. Insults even now these days doesn’t compare with how minor they may be to any of these books, because they were not taken lightly, but in today’s society, things like that are okay. This is my essay over punishment and the comparison between The Iliad, The Odyssey, and the Hebrew Bible. ttp://messagenetcommresearch. com/myths/bios/pose http://www. fjkluth. com/clytem. html idon. html http://books. google. com/books? id=qdDrwupM0dUC&pg=PA72&lpg=PA72&dq=where+is+there+kidnapping+in+the+odyssey? &source=bl&ots=oaVyOz5jgk&sig=3tsZ-Meye2UftnfMoDMQoMCZYAk&hl=en&ei=14qSToj5MOHJsQLu7Y2LAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false http://ww w. twopaths. com/faq_CapitalPunishment. htm http://ancienthistory. about. com/cs/troyilium/a/helenoftroybasc_2. htm

Free Essays on Norman Rockwell

Norman Rockwell Norman Rockwell is a well known illustrator and artist. He proved to be very diverse and apt to drawing what he saw in the world. He would quote â€Å"I paint life as I would like it to be. If there were problems in this lifetime they were humorous problems.† This would go to show how Rockwell was funny and creative with every drawing. Rockwell was well known for his drawings in the Saturday Evening Post, which was a major magazine in the 1920’s. He was very successful when he was young and proved to be very successful as he got older. He lived a full and complete life full of drawings and major illustrations. Throughout this paper we will describe some of his artwork, tell you about his life, family, and major accomplishments he was able to receive and achieve in his lifetime. Norman Rockwell was bon on February 3, 1894 in New York City. His family resided in New York until Norman was nine then the family moved to Mamaroneck. Norman began taking weekly leave from high school while he was a freshman to attend the Chase School of Art on a part-time basis. He would leave high school for good as a sophomore to study art at the National Academy of Design. It wasn’t until 1911 that Rockwell would get his first assignment to illustrate a children’s book. In 1913 he was named art editor for Boy’s Life at just 19 years old. On May 20, 1916, he illustrated his first Saturday Evening Post cover which would be his big break into the business. By 1920 Rockwell was the Post’s top cover illustrator and by 1925 he had become a national name. By the time Rockwell was twenty-one he illustrated for such magazines as Life, Literary Digest, and Country Gentleman. Rockwell first marriage ended in 1930 and a year later he was remarried to Ma ry Barstow. They had three sons together, Jarvis, Thomas, and Peter. After Mary’s death in 1959, Rockwell remarried for a third time in 1961. He would remain married ... Free Essays on Norman Rockwell Free Essays on Norman Rockwell Norman Rockwell Norman Rockwell is a well known illustrator and artist. He proved to be very diverse and apt to drawing what he saw in the world. He would quote â€Å"I paint life as I would like it to be. If there were problems in this lifetime they were humorous problems.† This would go to show how Rockwell was funny and creative with every drawing. Rockwell was well known for his drawings in the Saturday Evening Post, which was a major magazine in the 1920’s. He was very successful when he was young and proved to be very successful as he got older. He lived a full and complete life full of drawings and major illustrations. Throughout this paper we will describe some of his artwork, tell you about his life, family, and major accomplishments he was able to receive and achieve in his lifetime. Norman Rockwell was bon on February 3, 1894 in New York City. His family resided in New York until Norman was nine then the family moved to Mamaroneck. Norman began taking weekly leave from high school while he was a freshman to attend the Chase School of Art on a part-time basis. He would leave high school for good as a sophomore to study art at the National Academy of Design. It wasn’t until 1911 that Rockwell would get his first assignment to illustrate a children’s book. In 1913 he was named art editor for Boy’s Life at just 19 years old. On May 20, 1916, he illustrated his first Saturday Evening Post cover which would be his big break into the business. By 1920 Rockwell was the Post’s top cover illustrator and by 1925 he had become a national name. By the time Rockwell was twenty-one he illustrated for such magazines as Life, Literary Digest, and Country Gentleman. Rockwell first marriage ended in 1930 and a year later he was remarried to Ma ry Barstow. They had three sons together, Jarvis, Thomas, and Peter. After Mary’s death in 1959, Rockwell remarried for a third time in 1961. He would remain married ...

Potential And Impact Of Eco Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

Potential And Impact Of Eco Tourism Tourism Essay Essays Potential And Impact Of Eco Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Potential And Impact Of Eco Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Tourism is a taking and the individual largest industry in the universe today. Harmonizing to the World Tourism Organization, the touristry industry histories for 11 % of entire planetary employment. It is said that every 12 tourists create a new occupation. Tourism has a different set of principles- touristry distinctive features, sustainability and community engagement to other industries such as agribusiness that underpins traditional primary production and trade ( Shen, Hughey A ; Simmons, 2008 ) . It is frequently argued that touristry can be a major accelerator for economic and societal development in such a manner that can ( a ) generate occupations ; ( B ) provide hard-currency for foreign exchange ( Armstrong and francis,1994 ) ; ( degree Celsius ) generate revenue enhancements and other indirect gross for authorities ; ( vitamin D ) stimulate activities in the agribusiness, industry and commercial sector of the economic system that come into contact, straight and indirectl y with the touristry industry ( Alleyne, Brown,1974 ) ; ( vitamin E ) substructure betterments and instruction diverseness. In malice of the above positive impacts, touristry besides has some negative impacts, such as, ecological depletion, cultural and societal pollution, economic exclusion and gross volatility ensuing from the development of touristry. So, sustainable touristry depends on sustainable ecology of a set of environment of a state or a part. In the Bruntland Report, Mc Minn ( 1997 ) suggested that the term sustainable touristry merely limits the significance to those peculiar elements associated with touristry. The importance of the links between touristry and other activities leads to the decision that touristry should be seen as a tool for development and non stop in itself ( Mc Cool and Moisey, 2001 ) . Tourism is improbable to be the exclusive user of resources and that a balance should be sought out between touristry and other bing and possible activities. It is suggested that a sustainable support ( SL ) attack ( scones, 1998 ) may offer a practical manner frontward. Sustainable support processs normally involve an appraisal of community activities, assets, capablenesss, adaptative schemes and engineerings, all of which contribute to their support systems ( IISD, 1999 ) . Communities decide to integrate touristry as one of their support in order to accomplish sustainable development that will besides be a signifier of support variegation. Such variegation can hold many advantages and touristry can go, ( 1 ) a agency to enable accretion for ingestion and investing ; ( 2 ) a agency to assist distribute hazard ; ( 3 ) an adaptative response to long term, and ( 4 ) a means to take force per unit area off delicate lands and increase family incomes for purchase of extra nutrient or payment of school fees ( Hussein and Nelson, 1998 ) . It is peculiarly of import that touristry complements instead than replaces bing support beginnings taking to variegation of support schemes. Sustainable touristry is a by-product of ecotourism ( Weight, 2002 ) . In the 1990s, ecotourism came on the scene to go one of the largest and fastest turning industries in the universe ( Orams, 1996 ) . Ecotourism is described as a signifier of natural resources based touristry focused on sing and larning about nature, which is low-impact, non-consumptive and locally oriented with regard to command, benefits and graduated table ( Fennell, 1999 ) . Orams ( 1995 ) provides three additive graduated tables along which ecotourism can be positioned. The first of these graduated tables represents the grade of human duty from low at one terminal to high at the other. The 2nd and 3rd graduated tables represent the impact of ecotourism on the eco-tourist and natural environment. Blamey ( 1997 ) assumes that ecotourism is nature-based and it is placed within four overlapping circles such as little groups/personalized, education/interpretation, sustainability in purpose, and sustainability in r esult. Ecotourism has besides been defined in relation to its philosophical, moral, or ethical place within the touristry industry ( Fennell, 2004 ) . Eco-tourists are seen as more likely to utilize locally owned adjustments and services and therefore to profit local economic sciences and more likely to back up Parkss and preservation organisations through user fees and voluntary contributions and therefore to back up preservation plans ( Carrier and Maclead, 2005 ) . To rush up the development of touristry industry, the Malayan Tourism Policy was formulated in 1992. The policy had identified ecotourism as one signifier of touristry to be expanded and sustained. Three old ages subsequently, national ecotourism program was formulated with more specific issues in 1995 that was accepted in 1996. The national ecotourism program was intended to supply a general model to help the authorities in developing the state s ecotourism potencies. In order to guarantee the success of the ecotourism programs, joint attempts between the assorted degrees of authorities, the private sector and the local communities were planned and carried out to maximise the economic, socio-cultural and environmental benefit it has to convey in ( Siti-Nabiha, 2006 ) . Although, the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism ( MOCAT ) acts as a individual coordination organic structure to spearhead the overall execution of the National Eco-tourism program, the Ministry recognizes the imp erative function of the private sector and particulars functions for all sectors of Federal, State and Local Authority ( LA ) , private concern, NGOs and other participants ( APEC, 2002 ) . The Eastern Corridor Economic Region ( ECER ) involves three E seashore provinces of Malaysia, viz. Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. It is formed to be focused on the socio-economic and industrial development of the part. The development of the eastern corridor, spearheaded by PETRONAS, together with the northern corridor spearheaded by Sime Darby Bhd and southern corridor ( Khazanah Nasional Bhd ) are portion of the Ninth Malaysia Plan ( 9MP ) , which has the aim of distributing economic development throughout the state. Harmonizing to Aseambankers Malaysia Bhd, the eastern corridor offers large potency for certain industries, particularly oil and gas ( O A ; G ) and touristry. The eastern corridor contributed RM30.8bil, or 12 % , of Malaysia s existent gross domestic merchandise in 2005 versus 15.6 % for Sabah and Sarawak, 20 % for the Northern Corridor provinces and 54.5 % for more developed provinces of Selangor, the Federal Territory, Penang and Johor. The chief bunchs or secto rs were identified as the engine of growing for the Terengganu province include touristry, oil, gas and petrochemical, fabrication, agribusiness and instruction. Agribusiness and touristry will be the chief undertaking for development in this province. Because there are immense piece of lands of land available here for cultivation. On the other manus, this province is full of natural beauty which may be the chief attractive force for ecotourism. Conceptual Model Therefore, advocators of sustainable development should non stress the care of touristry over an indefinite period of clip. Rather, their purposes would be better served by geographic expedition of how touristry might suit into a suite of support schemes, lending to the accomplishment of sustainable support results. The strength of the sustainable support attack is that it encourages the acceptance of a wide position from which to analyze the effects of touristry. Analysis of institutional/ Organizational influences on entree to livelihood resources and composing of support scheme portfolio Contexts, Conditions A ; Tendencies Livelihood Resources Institutional Processes A ; Organizational Structures Support Schemes Sustainable Livelihood Outcomes Contextual analysis of conditions and tendencies and appraisal of policy scene Analysis of livelihood resources: Combinations, sequences, rends Analysis of support scheme portfolios and tracts History Politicss Macro-economic conditions Trade clime Agro-ecology Demography Social distinction Natural capital Economic/ Fiscal Capital Human capital Social capital and others Institutions and Organizations Agricultural intensification- extensification Support Diversification ( Tourism ) Migration Support 1. Increased Numberss of working yearss 2. Poverty decrease 3. Well-being and capablenesss improved Sustainability 1. Livelihood version, exposure and resiliency enhanced 2. Natural resource base sustainability ensured Analysis of results and tradeoffs Policy Figure 1: Sustainable Rural Support: A Framework for Analysis ( Source: Scoones, 1998 ; page 4 ) . Second through touristry E N activities I H Tourism Domestic International Institutional Agreements Vertical National Governments Regional Governments Local GovernmentsHorizontal Governments Tourism Enterprise Local Community Nongovernmental organization Tourists Vulnerability context Tendencies Dazes Seasonality Institutions external market hazards Livelihood Outcomes Sustainable economic development sustainable societal developments sustainable environmental development sustainable institutional development Tourism Domestic International Figure 2: Sustainable Livelihood Framework for Tourism. Literature Review The survey has reviewed a huge literature from assorted beginnings such as diaries, studies, proceedings and related paperss on appraisals of impacts of ecotourism on livelihood security in assorted states. In Malaysia, there is a deficiency of survey on appraisal of possible and impacts of ecotourism finishs for livelihood security in a specific country. Etsuko Okazaki ( 2008 ) stated that community engagement in the touristry planning procedure is a manner of implementing sustainable touristry. He discussed the community engagement in the survey include the ladder of citizen engagement, power redistribution, coaction procedures, and societal capital creative activity form the footing for specifying a community-based touristry ( CBT ) theoretical account. He besides showed how this theoretical account can be used to measure engagement degrees in a survey site and suggested farther actions required. Steven Jackson ( 2008 ) studied the attitudes towards the environment in general and ecotourism in peculiar, which were assessed for several groups of stakeholders in the UK touristry sector. The New Environmental Paradigm ( NEP ) graduated table was used to mensurate general attitude while an ecotourism graduated table ( TES ) was used to mensurate specific attitudes. Significant correlativities were measured between the NEP and TES graduated tables proposing that general attitudes affect specific attitudes. The survey suggested that there is a reluctance to interpret good purposes into pattern. Kaltenborn et Al. ( 2008 ) discussed about rural touristry, particularly through second-home development, which is increasing quickly in much of Europe, the USA and Canada. The survey besides reveals that second-home development plan is offering new economic chances for local communities, but it is holding challenges related to environmental impact. The survey examines associations between the environmental attitudes of occupants and their attitudes toward second-home development. Make J. et Al. ( 2008 ) revealed that sustainability, environmental friendly, and eco-sounds are the footings that are widely used presents and emphasized really much in any industry inclusive of agribusiness, forestry and touristry industry. Agro-forestry and integrated agriculture system are the attacks that are beef uping in Bario for bring forthing nutrient, energy and besides increasing the aesthetic value of the country. The highest ranking of jobs faces by Bario community is transit ( 24 % ) that significantly influenced the high cost of life. The type of development preferred harmonizing to the highest ranking was related with preservation ( 60 % ) , followed by eco-tourism, agribusiness and research. The hereafter challenges faced by Bario community would be seeking to turn to the jobs and run intoing with the development demands of the shacking community in order to prolong their support and the upland ecosystem. Based on the resources and potencies, agro-eco-tourism can be the options for elating and prolonging the support in Bario. Dhan B. Gurung and Klaus Seeland ( 2008 ) analyzed the present province of touristry in Bhutan and see the chances for the development of ecotourism. Empirical studies of circuit operators and foreign tourers indicate that visitants interested in the natural beauty of the Himalayan land stay longer than those who come to see its civilization. By pulling younger tourers, ecotourism could lend to the ends of Gross National Happiness. The bulk of tourers and circuit operators are in favour of ecotourism activities that might profit local rural communities. The requirement for a significant publicity of ecotourism would be alterations in the Bhutanese touristry policy to promote the variegation of touristry merchandises. Ecotourism operations based on urban environments give assorted benefits and sustainability in Kenya. There are six schemes have followed when marketing ecotourism merchandises. These are wide distribution, partnership development, show bottom line, ownership, uses frien dly merchandises and pattern what you preach ( Roselyne N. Okech, 2009 ) . Carlos ( 2009 ) presents the construct of the firewalls of ecotourism wherein the debut of different protection and preservation constituents is instituted in the operation of ecotourism sites. He uses some environmental constructs coupled with societal, cultural, and economic considerations should be developed and practiced by establishments wishing to use ecotourism as a preservation tool. There is a consistent demand to develop and use constructs and patterns to assist protect the resources from the possible impacts of travel industry for sustainable resource use through ecotourism. Zhang Meng ( 2009 ) reflects on the current intensions of ecotourism in footings of four facets viz. , objects of ecotourism, ecotourists, nature of ecotourism every bit good as the relationship between ecotourism and communities. The survey reveals that ecotourism should travel beyond natural, pristine, or even merely crude natural countries to including cultural resources together with their natural context which besides deserve saving. Tourism operators, compared to tourers should shoulder more duties for preservation. Ecotourism should function as a rule to steer touristry enterprises towards sustainability and community engagement. Regina Scheyvens ( 1999 ) considers ways in which we understand how ecotourism ventures impact on the lives of people populating in and around. From a development position, ecotourism ventures should merely be considered successful if local communities have some step of control over them and if they portion equitably in the benefits emerging from ec otourism activities. The research has proposed an empowerment model as a suited mechanism for helping analysis of the societal, economic, psychological and political impacts of ecotourism on local communities. Abby Liu ( 2006 ) examined the adequateness of the planning attack and establishment types in developing rural touristry in Malaysia with a focal point on rural capacity to absorb touristry. It explores the policy background that encourages the growing of rural touristry and high spots issues and factors haltering the engagement of rural communities in touristry. Three illustrations, which are drawn from Kedah State, involve the probes of regional planning enterprises, remote resort constitutions and a home-stay plan. Positions of stakeholders, the planning bureaus, touristry industry and communities, refering their outlooks, development enterprises, and responses to turn to concerns of touristry, are examined. Consequences indicate that the current development sarcasm arises because of the deficient attending to local capacity edifice, reluctance to incorporate local colonies and a misplaced impression of professionalism. Insensitivity to provide for cultural and cultural difference s in the brushs of host and invitee besides impedes meaningful local engagement. Sheng-Hshiung Tsaur et Al. ( 2006 ) measure the sustainability of an ecotourism site utilised subjective steps to analyse the relationships between resource, community, and touristry. A Chinese autochthonal ecotourism site was taken as an illustration in the survey, and the Delphi technique was used to place rating indexs of this tourer finish. Local occupants, tourers, and resource disposal were interviewed to research each group s perceptual experience of relationships with the staying two groups. The consequences of the survey reflected the chief concern for ecotourism development is the negative impact on the environment and its debasement and devastation. The survey suggested that the chief concern is protecting occupants supports so as to keep an attractive life environment and assist the tourers to develop more consciousness in conserving and protecting resources. Problems Statement: Ecotourism now considered as a chief watercourse of touristry in many states. Because it has minimum negative environmental effects and pull the tourer extremely. Those states besides emphasize ecotourism for their economic development and the support security for the peoples. It is one of the of import tools for socioeconomic development in any state. Substantial alterations and betterments should take topographic point in touristry policies and activities at a diverseness of degrees and concrete facets: national, regional, design and coordination for schemes, fiscal support and bureaucratic installations and substructure development ( Alexandru, 2005 ) . A comprehensive policy and legislative bundle for ecotourism and resource usage should be formulated to guarantee that local people can portion in the benefits generated by these activities ( Jianqiong, 2008 ) . Ecotourism has been identified as a signifier of sustainable touristry expected to lend to both preservation and development. Unfortunately, due to inadequate environmental appraisals and audits, many ecotourism finishs tend to be both risky and suicidal. The chief concern for ecotourism development is the negative impact on the environment and its debasement and devastation. For community and occupants, the chief concern is protecting occupants supports so as to keep an attractive life environment ( Sheng-Hshiung, 2006 ) . The success of ecotourism depends on its impacts on the livelihood security of the local community. When the local occupants may back up ecotourism development, their purposes to move will depend on local environmental, societal and politico-economic conditions. That issues related to community authorization, relation between authorities and communities, and the kineticss among and between assorted community groups will necessitate to be addressed if positive community purpose to take part in ecotourism is to be encouraged ( Lai A ; Nepal, 2006 ) . Mohok Agreement for responsible ecotourism recommended assorted suggestion for developing ecotourism. Among these, a ) provide economic, societal, and cultural benefits for local communities and surrogate community engagements, where appropriate, B ) minimum impact on and presentation of local ( autochthonal ) civilization and locally appropriate graduated table and design for housing, Tourss and attractive forces are required to run int o ecotourism criterions ( Robin,2010 ) . Tourism has an of import function in exciting investings in new substructure, every bit good as in bring forthing authorities grosss through assorted revenue enhancements and fees. Tourism comprises a immense part of gross domestic production ( GDP ) in some little developing states such as the Maldives, Barbados, etc. makes clear the profound importance of touristry for economic development ( Halicioglu, 2004 ) . There is research spread to mensurate the touristry demand analysis for any touristry finish due to proper touristry development. From the above treatment it is clear that effectual policies and schemes are necessary for ecotourism development in Malaysia. The success of any touristry depends on the step of sustainability. Because, unsustainable touristry does non run into the demands of community every bit good as environmental coherence. There is research spread to mensurate the sustainability of touristry due to success ness. Again, ecotourism creates socioeconomic impacts on the livelihood security of the local communities. So, it is necessary to analyze the socioeconomic impacts of ecotourism on the support for finding the potency. Research Questions In visible radiation of job statement, the survey has set out some research inquiries which are as follows: How to measure the sustainability for ecotourism? What are the effects of ecotourism on the local community? How to mensurate the socio economic impacts of ecotourism on the support security? Hypothesiss Once all the informations have been analyzed utilizing assorted statistical and econometric techniques, this survey will come up with empirical consequences obtained from the testing of a considerable figure of specific hypotheses. However, the survey chiefly considers a few, but wide-ranging hypotheses which are mentioned below: Ecotourism helps by bettering incomes and economic potencies of little farms and rural communities, in Terengganu, Ecotourism Fosters respect for local civilizations and greater grasp of natural home grounds, and Eco touristry entreaties to ecologically and socially witting persons. Aims The overall aim of the survey is to measure and analyse the possible and impact of eco touristry for livelihood security in Terengganu province of Malaysia. In order to achieve the above, the following sub-objectives will be pursued: To measure the bing policies and schemes associating to ecotourism in Malaysia ; particularly in the province of Terengganu, To place the potency for ecotourism derived from analysis of community demands and sustainable touristry, To find the socioeconomic impacts of ecotourism on the livelihood security of the local communities, Significance of the survey Many developing states of the universe, today, have improved their economic system through the agencies of touristry. The relationship between touristry and economic development is a subject of involvement to policymakers, contrivers, and research workers everyplace whether or non touristry plays an of import function within the societal and economic cloth of society. So it is of import to understand the overall state of affairs of touristry industry and touristry policy in Malaysia. Ecotourism is loosely defined as travel that allows interaction with nature and local communities with minimum negative impact ( Carrier and Macleod, 2005 ; Palacio, 1997 ) . It aims to minimise environmental and cultural harm and maximise long-run economic growing for a state or a part. Tourism sellers use the term ecotourism as a trade name to label commercial circuit bundles that offer a wide scope of activities. Tourism is different than other productive sectors. This is particularly true for communi ty development in footings of the touristry sector being deployed as a support scheme. Neither the SL attack nor conventional touristry research theories can entirely steer touristry to accomplish sustainable development. Consequently, cognition about an integrating of SL and touristry is needed ( Shen, Hughey A ; Simmons, 2008 ) . Malaysia has immense chances to develop ecotourism, which will guarantee economic development including livelihood security of the rural communities. But unluckily merely few surveies are done on this issue. Therefore, this survey is an attempt to place the chance and potency of ecotourism in the Eastern Corridor Economic Region of Malaysia, particularly in Terengganu province. The findings and recommendations of the survey would assist the appropriate governments in formulating and implementing specific policies in order to raise chances for and develop the ecotourism in Malaysia. Methodology Beginnings of informations: The survey will utilize both primary and secondary informations which are expected to be collected from reliable beginnings. Two recreational woods and ecotourism place- Tasik Kenyir Lake of Terengganu will be chosen for observation and informations aggregation. For appraising and experimental intents, nevertheless, the survey will use some rational standards to find the figure and choose the ecotourism topographic points in the province. The secondary information every bit good as the necessary paperss, Acts of the Apostless, ordinance, and policies will be collected from the relevant sections and ministries of the authorities of Malaysia. Published stuffs such as relevant research studies, articles, books, one-year studies, and so on will besides be reviewed in order to roll up secondary informations and justify statements. Sample size, Data Collection, and Sampling techniques: While a broad coverage of information does ever supply more accurate consequences, but budgetary constrains may ensue in an unexpected alteration in the sample size. The present survey has intent to interview a lower limit of 300 respondents from the survey countries for the intent of informations aggregation. A purposive sampling technique and a set of structured questionnaire will be used to interview the most of import stakeholders of the eco touristry industry, such as local communities, relevant authorities/officials, and the visitants. In order to roll up primary informations, trained census takers will be hired for questioning the above groups of stakeholders, including local communities who are involved in and dependent on eco touristry activities for their support. Besides questioning a figure of tourers sing the eco touristry topographic points, a considerable figure of functionaries in the ecotourism industries will besides be interviewed in order to acquire relevant feedb ack from them. While the proposed sample is 300, the proportion and distribution of sample will be determined based on some standards reflecting the weight and importance of the inquiries asked and Scopess of the study. Datas analysis For obtaining ( 1 ) aim, The bing policies and schemes of ecotourism are analyzing exhaustively. To achieve this aim, the high functionaries and direction professionals are observed and discussed with them on assorted facets of touristry. For obtaining ( 2 ) aim, To mensurate sustainable touristry, you can see the affiliated article- Sustainable touristry. ( Developed equation ) To mensurate the community needs you can develop equation on the footing of some variables, such as, employment chance, local occupant engagements in determination devising, occupants perceptual experience to the touristry, alteration in the community, environmental effects ( positive A ; negative ) , community and rural development etc ( Developed equation ) An equation for willingness to pay ( WTP ) of tourers ; Probability ( WTP ) = This equation is must. Because it suggested by my Supervisor. You can see the affiliated article- WTP. For obtaining ( 3 ) aim, To mensurate the visitant satisfaction you can develop equation on the footing of some variables such as, reactivity, tangibles, monetary value, communicating, confidence, empathy, natural resources etc. You can see the affiliated article- Visitor Satisfaction. For economic impact, some variables are gross revenues, occupation, income degree, revenue enhancement gross, quality and measures of nutrient, family disbursement, cut down poorness, higher quality of life etc. For societal impact, some variables are civilization, spiritual, occupants feelings for the presence of tourers, demographic character, impact on the business of household member etc. For mensurating touristry selling scheme, TOT= degree Fahrenheit ( SP, SE, AC, E, CS, TR, TIA ) Where, TOT= Tourist, SP=Spots, SE=Security, AC= Accommodation, E= Entertainment, CS= Cost of Services, TR= Tour operator A ; usher, TIA= Tour information and Advertisement. You can see the article- Tourism Bangladesh. Expected Results Socioeconomic and livelihood profile of affected communities, Economic, societal and environmental impacts of ecotourism in Terengganu, Factors impacting possible growing and barriers to growing of ecotourism in Terengganu, Policy deductions and recommendations for sustainable ecotourism in the country.

Treaty of Paris 1783 and the American Revolution

Treaty of Paris 1783 and the American Revolution Following the British defeat at the Battle of Yorktown in October 1781, leaders in Parliament decided that offensive campaigns in North America should cease in favor of a different, more limited approach. This was spurred by the widening of the war to include France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic. Through the fall and following winter, British colonies in the Caribbean fell to enemy forces as did Minorca. With anti-war forces growing in power, Lord Norths government fell in late March 1782 and was replaced by one led by Lord Rockingham. Learning that Norths government had fallen, Benjamin Franklin, the American ambassador in Paris, wrote to Rockingham expressing a desire to begin peace negotiations. Understanding that making peace was a necessity, Rockingham elected to embrace the opportunity. While this pleased Franklin, and his fellow negotiators John Adams, Henry Laurens, and John Jay, they made it clear that the terms of the United States alliance with France prevented them from making peace without French approval. In moving forward, the British decided that they would not accept American independence as a precondition for beginning talks. Political Intrigue This reluctance was due to their knowledge that France was experiencing financial difficulties and a hope that military fortunes could be reversed. To begin the process, Richard Oswald was sent to meet with the Americans while Thomas Grenville was dispatched to begin talks with the French. With negotiations proceeding slowly, Rockingham died in July 1782 and Lord Shelburne became the head of the British government. Though British military operations began to have success, the French stalled for time as they were working with Spain to capture Gibraltar. In addition, the French sent a secret envoy to London as there were several issues, including fishing rights on the Grand Banks, on which they disagreed with their American allies. The French and Spanish were also concerned about American insistence on the Mississippi River as a western border. In September, Jay learned of the secret French mission and wrote to Shelburne detailing why he should not be influenced by the French and Spanish. In this same period, Franco-Spanish operations against Gibraltar were failing to leave the French to begin debating ways for exiting the conflict. Advancing to Peace Leaving their allies to bicker amongst themselves, the Americans became aware of a letter sent during the summer to George Washington in which Shelburne conceded the point of independence. Armed with this knowledge, they re-entered talks with Oswald. With the issue of independence settled, they began hammering out the details which included border issues and discussion of reparations. On the former point, the Americans were able to get the British to agree to the borders established after the French Indian War rather than those set by the Quebec Act of 1774. By the end of November, the two sides produced a preliminary treaty based on the following points: Great Britain recognized the Thirteen Colonies to be free, sovereign and independent states.The borders of the United States would be those of 1763 extending west to the Mississippi.The United States would receive fishing rights on the Grand Banks and Gulf of St. Lawrence.All contracted debts were to be paid to creditors on each side.The Congress of the Confederation would recommend that each state legislature provide restitution for property taken from Loyalists.The United States would prevent property from being taken from Loyalists in the future.All prisoners of war were to be released.Both the United States and Great Britain were to have perpetual access to the Mississippi.Territory captured by the United States subsequent to the treaty was to be returned.Ratification of the treaty was to occur within six months of signing. With the British relief of Gibraltar in October, the French ceased to have any interest in aiding the Spanish. As a result, they were willing to accept a sepa rate Anglo-American peace. Reviewing the treaty, they grudgingly accepted it on November 30. Signing Ratification With the French approval, the Americans and Oswald signed a preliminary treaty on November 30. The terms of the treaty provoked a political firestorm in Britain where the concession of territory, abandonment of the Loyalists, and granting of fishing rights proved particularly unpopular. This backlash forced Shelburne to resign and a new government was formed under the Duke of Portland. Replacing Oswald with David Hartley, Portland hoped to modify the treaty. This was blocked by the Americans who insisted on no changes. As a result, Hartley and the American delegation signed the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783. Brought before the Congress of the Confederation at Annapolis, MD, the treaty was ratified on January 14, 1784. Parliament ratified the treaty on April 9 and ratified copies of the document were exchanged the following month in Paris. Also on September 3, Britain signed separate treaties ending their conflicts with France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic. These largely saw the European nations exchange colonial possessions with Britain regaining the Bahamas, Grenada, and Montserrat while ceding the Floridas to Spain. Frances gains included Senegal as well as having fishing rights guaranteed on the Grand Banks. Selected Sources University of Oklahoma: Treaty of Paris (1783) TextUS State Department: Treaty of Paris (1783)Patriot Resource: Treaty of Paris (1783)

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British Airways Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

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Analyze the Sociological Contexts of Economics, Influence, and Power - Coursework Example However, the extent of this participation is greatly influenced by the changing sociological contexts within the community. As a state, Arkansas is endowed with lots of lucrative natural resources. Over the years, they have been tapped to help in promoting the economic progress of the nation. In particular, the Liberty community has been actively involved in the agricultural, tourism and mining industries. The production of meat, milk, lettuce, cotton, cauliflowers, sorghum, broccoli, copper, molybdenum, sand and cement has positively impacted on the development of this community. However, just like the rest of the society, this community is quite dynamic. It has now shifted to the manufacturing sector with concentrations in electronics, publishing and printing. With the increased research on Information Communication Technology (ICT), the members of this community have shifted their attention to this sector. Thus, there are increased scientific research and innovations embraced by the community. This has indeed strengthened the school-community relationships in many ways. Through engagements in such activities, the local populations get employment opportunities. This enables them to get income which they in turn invest in the education of their children. At the same time, they can use such funds to initiate various development projects in the local schools. At the same time, the local businessmen can be relied upon to supply the school with books, laboratory equipments, boarding facilities and other essential materials. This helps to strengthen their relationships (Delgado-Gaitan, C., 2013). With the rampant innovations in the field of ICT, this community is rapidly shifting from the traditional agricultural and mining to manufacturing and tourism industries. The members of this community have been compelled to change their attention and focus on these progressive sectors because they have a place in the

Analyzing Religions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing Religions - Research Paper Example Like European, North American, South American and Australian countries represent majority population who are firm believers of Christianity. Similarly Middle East, South East Asia and some part of Africa represent majority of Muslim population. The people of Asia Pacific countries and some South Asian countries are Buddhism majority countries (DK Publishing 2004). There are more Christian believers (more than 2 billion) in the world than Muslim believers (more than 1.3 billion). The initial leaders of Christians were Jesus Christ himself and his early believers Peter and Paul (Lindberg 2009). Initial leaders of Muslim era include the Prophet Muhammad and his companions. The four companions of Prophet Muhammad are famous among the majority of the Muslims: Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman and Ali. These four companions of the Prophet Muhammad ruled over the Muslim states one after another respectively (Maps.com 1999). There are a lot of things common in Muslims and Christians. First of all, they are considered as Abrahamic religions. Both religions hail from Prophet Abraham. Secondly, Catholic and Muslim believe in the same GOD. The basic religious concepts of both religions are similar. For example, the concept of Prophets, Angels, Paradise, Hell, life after death and Fate are same between the Catholic and Muslim. Besides all these common viewpoints mentioned in above paragraph, there are also several conflicting beliefs between Muslims and Christians. The concept of GOD among the Christians is different than Muslims belief of GOD. The Christians believe in Trinity which defines God as three divine persons (or hypostases): the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit whereas Muslims strongly believe that the GOD is one and only. Some rituals and practices between the Christians and Muslims are of the similar nature and some rituals and practices are of the different nature. Like

International Accounting Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Accounting Standards - Essay Example The fair value system has all together improved the information to the individual users of the economy. International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS): IFRS is a private sector organization which is working for the interest of public. The main objectives of IFRS foundation are: 1) It creates a single set of quality which is understandable and enforceable worldwide. The standard setting body that helps in formulating the standards for the organization is the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (IFRS Foundation. 2013k). 2) They are responsible for promoting the use and application of those standards. 3) They are accountable for reporting the financial needs of the small and medium sized companies. 4) They are also responsible for safeguarding the working of IASB thus ensuring the financing of the organization. The Trustees of the organization are accountable for Monitoring Board of the Public Authorities (IFRS Foundation. 2013k). International Accounting Standards Board: IASB is the standard setting body under the governance of IFRS Foundation. ... 2013g). There are few standard setting duties which IASB had to fulfil. In doing so, it has to go through an open and thorough process which is also transparent for public comment and discussion in papers or exposure to drafts. It connects successfully with the stakeholders worldwide. Like the analysts, regulators, investors, business leaders and accounting standard setters. Fair Value: IFRS 13 has defined fair value as the price that is â€Å"received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement dates† (IFRS Foundation, 2013e). The fair value system sets a single IFRS framework for measuring the fair value. After measuring it is disclosed to the public. Here, IFRS plays an important role in managing and measuring the fair value system. Supporting the objectives of the IFRS Foundation: The activities that are undertaken by the IFRS Foundation for fulfilling the objectives of organization are taken car e by the staffs of IFRS Foundation. Those activities included the following: 1) The important activity of IFRS foundation was to provide the worldwide capital market with a common language of financial reporting. Thus XBRL taxonomy is created by IFRS for the SMEs to facilitate electronic usage, comparability and exchange of the financial data which are prepared according to the IFRS norms. The activity is executed by the IFRS XBRL team members. They are responsible for maintaining and developing XBRL representations of IFRS which is known as the IFRS taxonomy. Taxonomies are the organized categorization schemes which are also â€Å"computer readable dictionaries† (IFRS Foundation, 2013a) 2) They are involved in production of good quality and up to dated materials which

Analyzing Religions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing Religions - Research Paper Example Like European, North American, South American and Australian countries represent majority population who are firm believers of Christianity. Similarly Middle East, South East Asia and some part of Africa represent majority of Muslim population. The people of Asia Pacific countries and some South Asian countries are Buddhism majority countries (DK Publishing 2004). There are more Christian believers (more than 2 billion) in the world than Muslim believers (more than 1.3 billion). The initial leaders of Christians were Jesus Christ himself and his early believers Peter and Paul (Lindberg 2009). Initial leaders of Muslim era include the Prophet Muhammad and his companions. The four companions of Prophet Muhammad are famous among the majority of the Muslims: Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman and Ali. These four companions of the Prophet Muhammad ruled over the Muslim states one after another respectively (Maps.com 1999). There are a lot of things common in Muslims and Christians. First of all, they are considered as Abrahamic religions. Both religions hail from Prophet Abraham. Secondly, Catholic and Muslim believe in the same GOD. The basic religious concepts of both religions are similar. For example, the concept of Prophets, Angels, Paradise, Hell, life after death and Fate are same between the Catholic and Muslim. Besides all these common viewpoints mentioned in above paragraph, there are also several conflicting beliefs between Muslims and Christians. The concept of GOD among the Christians is different than Muslims belief of GOD. The Christians believe in Trinity which defines God as three divine persons (or hypostases): the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit whereas Muslims strongly believe that the GOD is one and only. Some rituals and practices between the Christians and Muslims are of the similar nature and some rituals and practices are of the different nature. Like

Understanding the Meaning, Ideologies, and Contexts of the films Argo Research Paper

Understanding the Meaning, Ideologies, and Contexts of the films Argo and Babel - Research Paper Example Film context entails the setting of a film. Other scholars refer to it as the situation, circumstances in which a film is set or scripted (Coleman, 2011). Film context involves the time frame of the film, the historic background and the geographical location of the poem. According to scholars, the ideologies of any film are those values that we get from a film that enable us to be better humans. They are the socio-economic, cultural and political values or ideas that we share with the film (Lewis, 2013). These idea or values inspire us and enable us to clean the world from the moral and political decays to make it a better ground for dwelling. If you watch a film and it inspires you to act, then you have gained ideologies in a film. This paper thus seeks to analyze the ideology, context and the meaning of the movies; Babel and Argo. Babel is a three plot American film screened in Africa, Morocco, Japan and America-Mexico. The initial plot is in Mexico. However the three are well connected such that the story line flows from one country to another (Shaw, 2011). In Morocco, in the desert, we meet Abdullah. Abdullah is a farmer who keeps his herd in the desert and has two sons; Ahmed and Yussef plus a daughter. He is constantly bothered by jackals in the desert that prey after his herd. He thus buys a gun from his neighbor Hassan. The gun is high powered. He plans to drive away the jackals with the gun. He gives the gun to his boys while out in the field herding. The boys always competing aim at rocks, trees and cars then compete in shooting. Ahmed aims at a tourist bus and shoots (Shaw, 2011). The bullet hits an American, Suzan, who together with her husband, Richard are on the country for a holiday. America is quick to brand that as an act of terror and therefore asks the Moroccan government to arrest the culprits. Police officers then come after the family of Abdulla and an open fire leads to Yussef

Role of Un in Peace Keeping Essay Example for Free

Role of Un in Peace Keeping Essay In addition to maintaining peace and security, peacekeepers are increasingly charged with assisting in political processes, reforming judicial systems, training law enforcement and police forces, disarming and reintegrating former combatants, supporting the return of internally displaced persons and refugees. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish are the UN official languages. However, UN is facing criticism regarding corruption and abuse and some other things. Conclusion:- UN has a great effect on international peace. But, there are some arguments regarding contribution of military forces from different countries. To change the world, it need to change itself too. Its better if it has its own military force. United Nations has an organization called UN Security Council that is responsible for peacekeeping. Five members of this team are permanent members while ten are chosen every 2 years. Peacemaking was introduces at the end of cold war and has undergone immense changes. It keeps evolving to meet the political demands

Classification of Medical Devices

Classification of Medical Devices Sri Kanya Alluru Why are medical devices stratified into different classes? A wide range of medical devices are used daily, and many are being marketed. It is difficult to study each of these devices separately. In order to determine these devices complexity, and its level of harm a classification system is developed. The classification is assigned based on its marketing requirements and the risks or benefits it imposes. A basic classification system is required to classify and assign medical devices to each of these systems to get a thorough understanding of all devices, their intended use, labeling patterns and marketing criteria. Medical devices are classified into 3 groups based on the degree of difficulty in assuring safety and efficacy. These medical devices are used by mankind in one or the other way so it is necessary to classify them so that they can be aware of the risks posed by each class. The various classes include Class I: General controls Class II: General controls and special controls Class III: General controls, Special controls and premarket approval This stratification helps FDA, manufacturers and patients. Class I devices are low risk devices, and require less regulatory control compared to other classes. These include elastic bandages etc. Class III devices are high risk and life sustaining so strict regulations are to be enforced in a manner such that these devices adhere to them. Examples include implants, pacemakers etc. By understanding these risk factors patients can be careful at the time of device use to assure their safety. FDA has classified almost 1700 medical devices into different categories known as panels based on their medical importance and their intended use such as all cardiovascular devices are assigned as one panel, all dental devices are grouped as another panel etc., which in turn are again assigned either under Class I, II or III devices. These devices are classified based on the device description according to 21 CFR 862-892. For manufacturers in case of low risk devices such as Class I devices they are exempted from pre-market approval and so take less time for marketing thus benefitting manufacturers. So based on classification they can identify which products need approval and which of them are to be exempted enabling their marketing time. 2. Why is traceability important for the medical device life cycle? Who does it benefit – the manufacturer, FDA, both? Explain your answer. Traceability is defined as the ability to thoroughly study a medical device from it design to the end process. It requires complete analysis and understanding of their uses. (Effective Traceability of Medical Devices, 2010). Traceability is an essential factor in device life cycle as it Enables product recalls, To determine the batch that has undergone recalls without enhancing recall of all devices To maintain records so that an efficient review and preventive measures can be enabled It is the responsibility of each manufacturer to establish requirements for each type or family of devices to ensure the device safety, quality, and establish methods and procedures to design, produce, distribute, etc. As a part of the quality system regulation or GMP principle documenting the details is essential for traceability. The manufacturer must prepare a batch record for every device/batch that is product and must be identified with a unique lot/control numbering system defined by the manufacturer and it represents the lots complete history. Distribution records of each where it was shipped must be kept by the manufacturer for traceability in the event of a recall. The device GMP require manufacturers to be able to trace any device or device component by a control number if it is indented for surgical implant into the body to support or sustain life, and its failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. The Quality system regulations require companies to establish purchasing controls and institute post-distribution device failure investigations and corrective/preventive actions for defects or recurring technical problems. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to establish traceability controls to effectively handle complaint/failures and determine root cause so as to correct prevent the reoccurrence and at the same time it would help the manufacturer to effectively handle the recalls both internally and also with FDA when required. 3. Review the Johnson and Johnson Quality Catastrophe article under Week 9 Readings. What areThe major lessons learned from Johnson and Johnson’s Quality Catastrophe? Based on the events and circumstances in the article Johnson and Johnson and its subsidiaries had certainly put its consumers trust in turmoil by providing unsafe products. Johnson Johnson (JJ) expanded its businesses by acquiring and merging with companies manufacturing health products. Due to these acquisitions it has become a decentralized organization. It is unusual to see deficiencies in product quality and safety, as all the procedures and rules for safety are defined at the enterprise level, not at the product level. The incidents mentioned occurred due to ignorance and profit making strategies of the corporate companies leaving the facts and safety concerns behind reality. These would cause lot of pain and suffering to the people relying on the product with their lives. Tylenol incident occurred in the past has gained applause and appreciation for its best crisis management, but later incidents brought condemnation to the company. The reason for this quality catastrophe occurred at JJ is mainly due to the following reasons. Corporate governance: Due to JJ decentralized organizational structure, the responsibility rest at the enterprise level not at the subsidiary level, CEO Weldon (2002-2012) put in place. Under his Leader ship many recalls, incidents occurred due to his negligence, and profit making mentality. They failed to meet with the regulations He clouded the issues in the factories (McNeil Factory odor), recalls (Motrin, Benadryl), lawsuits (Hip replacement) from the individuals, hospitals using their products by showing steady growth and properties to the investors and board of directors. Product Safety: Product safety should be one of the top priorities while manufacturing consumer products. Ignoring these facts will cause jeopardy to the consumers and have adverse effects due to their use. Marketing products without proper research and tests will cause problems to the consumers. JJ failed to comply with these standards in their products (Ortho Evra, DePuy hip product), and caused harm and discomfort to the consumers emotionally and physically. FDA Ignorance: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should be stringent with companies in imposing rules and regulations of the FDA. By imposing these laws FDA can ensure that the companies will provide high quality products to the consumers. In this case FDA ignored the JJ company product recalls, factories manufacturing standards, and their sanity conditions. Due to its ignorance people had permanent immobility, discomfort, and even deaths. This can be prevent if FDA had a structured program in allowing health products being market after certifying them they are safe, and define laws that would report medical incidents, and lawsuits to the FDA for review. 4. What are the regulatory challenges specifically for products in the mobile health space? FDA recently issued the Mobile Medical Guidance for Industry, which mainly outlines the regulations for mobile space devices. The mobile app is designed to have a direct communication to patient. (Kim, 2014) Incorporating mobile apps, as a tool for health-based issues is a boon, when major challenges and risks associated with it are overviewed and are put in a right way so that they are beneficial to the public. Recently a large number of health and fitness apps, medical device apps are introduced and their number is constantly increasing day by day. But the major challenge underneath this is which of them are beneficial and can be categorized as medical apps. They are to be clearly understood and regulated. Software’s intended solely for the purpose of storage are exempted as medical apps, and those for serious health issues and diagnostic purposes are regarded as mobile health apps. Post market surveillance also has a major role to play. As these mobile health apps are pioneer and outstanding major challenges lies in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment (Brousseau, 2012). Medical apps can be categorized into three groups. Firstly only a few apps meet the requirements of a device and help in diagnosis. Secondly, a large number of apps are not scrutinized or influenced by FDA such as calorie counters etc. and finally some apps, which have no benefits in medical field. In spite of so many of these apps FDA has to have a keen and a clear survey on which of them actually comes under mobile health category and regulate them(Brousseau, 2012). Most challenging effect is that there might be loss of confidentiality because these social medias always face the risk of hackers. There are also serious risks associated with the misuse of mobile apps. But there are questions regarding how risks arise with these apps. So there is challenge for the improvement of adverse reporting system. It’s possible for a medical device to escape regulatory process and enter the market but such type of procedures impose risks to consumers so FDA has to monitor them thoroughly.(Vesely, 2014) 5. What was the most interesting thing you learned in the devices portion  Of RGA 6100? There are many interesting things that surprised me during my course. I could learn the regulations governing these devices, various medical device companies, their FDA approvals and lot more things. Today there are so many advances in medical device technology such as medical robotic technology for various surgeries, mobile health apps that helps in communication between doctor and patient, inhaled insulin more advantageous to diabetes patients and if we go on it would be an never ending discussion. I found Lap-band interesting because of today’s obesity problems people are facing. Although there are several weight loss programs, fitness centers, they provide only short-term results and also have considerable health problems.(Ruchi Mathur, 2014) This lap-band is so advantageous that it ensures healthy weight loss and has long term results. This is an adjustable process as we can loosen or tighten it according to our convenience. (Lap-Band Surgery Information,) REFERENCES: Brousseau, Zachary. (2012). Experts Examine Regulation of Health-Related Mobile Apps, Software and Social Media. Retrieved 03/24/2014, 2014, from https://http://www.raps.org/focus-online/under-raps/under-raps-article/article/2479/experts-examine-regulation-of-health-related-mobile-apps-software-and-social-me.aspx Effective Traceability of Medical Devices. (2010). Retrieved 03/21/014, 2014, from http://www.imb.ie/EN/SafetyQuality/Advisory-WarningRecall-Notices/Medical-Devices/page-title-Effective-Traceability-of-Medical-Devices.aspx Kim, Sun. (2014). FDA Regulations on Mobile Medical Apps. Retrieved 03/24/2014, 2014, from http://qbdworks.com/fda-regulations-on-mobile-medical-apps/ Lap-Band Surgery Information.). Retrieved 03/21/2014, 2014, from http://www.mills-peninsula.org/obesity/lapband.html Ruchi Mathur, MD, FRCP(C). (2014). Lap Band Surgery(Gastric Banding). Retrieved 03/21/2014, 2014, from http://www.medicinenet.com/lap_band_surgery_gastric_banding/article.htm Vesely, Rebecca. (2014). mHealth Regulations: Whats in Store? Retrieved 03/25/2014, 2014, from http://www.ihealthbeat.org/insight/2014/mhealth-regulations-whats-in-store 1

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Capital punishment is the execution of criminals by the state for committing crimes so wicked that it is the only acceptable punishment. The debate over the death penalty has endured for years and has become increasingly controversial. According to an article written by Richard Worsnop, entitled "Death Penalty Debate Centers on Retribution," in 1966, 42% of Americans were in favor of capital punishment while 47% were opposed to it; in 1986, support for capital punishment was 80% for and only 17% against with 3% undecided. Most of the undecided voters said they would support capital punishment, if they had to vote on it immediately. Currently, public approval of the death penalty is about 70%. While some people are opposed to capital punishment, the majority is in favor of it. Therefore, the United States government should strictly enforce capital punishment in every state. Admittedly, the act of killing someone is immoral and "Thou shall not kill" is one of God's commandments. However, if it were not for the threat of execution, the murder rate in the United States would be far greater. According to the United States Bureau of Justice bulletin on capital punishment (1989), from 1955 to 1965, there were 78,500 murders and 351 executions in the United States; but from 1966 to 1976, when the death penalty was weakened, 288,310 murders were committed and only six executions were carried out. In order for capital punishment to work as d...

Gwen Harwood Essay

Poetry creatively captures human experience, emotion and nature. Gwen Harwood employs a range of literary and poetic techniques such as imagery, religious allusions and personification to demonstrate the universality of concepts such as loss, death, memory and childhood. Through this, Harwood’s poetry to creates clear and strong perceptions of the continuity of experience and provide permanence to these transient elements of humanity. In ‘Triste, Triste’, Harwood explores the core themes of post coital sadness and the contradictory nature of the physical and spiritual realms that are created by the human body. These aspects all pertain to the human experience and growth of oneself. That is, the physicality of the skeleton, or frame, and the intellectual and creative importance of the brain as a muscle. The meaning of the word â€Å"Triste† is sad and mournful hence the repetition of this word in the title is indicative of Harwood’s reflection on the loss of inspiration. In the first stanza, a yearning and apparent need for ongoing physical passion in the continuous â€Å"space between love and sleep† presents the notion of sleep and its ironically nurturing qualities for the mind and the body despite the idleness of the body during this time of restoration. The phrase furthermore provokes the reader to reflect on such moments in their own life, and to reflect on â€Å"space† with renewed significance and how important it is for the brain and the self. Harwood describes this process as a â€Å"prison†, â€Å"eyes against shoulder keep their blood black curtains tight†¦ body rolls back like a stone.† Parallels are drawn between the ideal that the imagination is a separate entity and the separation between the physical skull and its place for the brain to reside, the brain resembles the imagination or factory of creativity. The poem makes specific and clear biblical references to the Resurrection through imagery furthermore providing to the creative self, as it is aligned with the Christ, walking â€Å"to Easter light†. The necessity of the escapism and discovery of spiritual intensity is strongly reinforced. In addition to the biblical references, divine imagery is implied through the ‘Angelic lightà ¢â‚¬â„¢. The continuing use of personification and imagery encourages the reader to value the indistinct moments of passionate afterglow as opportunity to liberate the imagination. Harwood creates distinctiveness between the divine light present in the second stanza along with the â€Å"darkness† of tangible â€Å"sleep and love† through her use of enjambment and repetition which draws attention to the ending of imaginative inspiration. In the last stanza, Harwood recombines the spirit with the corporal self which ultimately conveys the necessity of intimacy physically and the evanescence of imaginative passion. Additionally, the physical self along with the emotional self, are brought together as one entity which cannot exist without the other thus they possess equal importance and value, despite having separate functions. Throughout the poem Gwen Harwood reinforces the paradox that implies that extreme pleasure must coincide with extreme pain. In addition to her references to loss and sadness, Gwen Harwood amalgamates various elements of human experience through the reflection of memory as a primary theme. The importance of memory is expressed through harmonizing various layers of an individual’s life and their shared experiences to create a wholeness that reconciles one with the finality of death. This concept is expressed through common themes of childhood, friendship and loss allowing her ideas to rest strongly with the reader. ‘At Mornington’ is a reflection on mortality, and the value of memory in terms of appreciating life. The thematic concerns of loss and grief unravel through the first stanza. The persona describes her relationship with her father and establishes him as a protective figure through her pondering of childhood memories. This motif of water is representative of serenity, peace and reflection which is furthermore established through the personification of the â€Å"wave† which was â€Å"caught† and â€Å"rolled†. Harwood distinguishes the finality and formality of death, which is conveyed in the poem through the dull imagery, the durability of â€Å"marble and granite† gravestones with the fragility of memory, â€Å"fugitive as light† to convey the gravitational stance of human life as opposed to the perceptions of experience that we choose to retain in our memory. A connection is made between memory and loss as they are both products of the past and Harwood uses this to reflect on the significance of valuing the present. This is furthered through the â€Å"the wholeness of this day† shared between two friends. The poem is established through Harwood’s memory of her early childhood when she â€Å"leapt† from her father’s arms into the sea. She views her childish persistence, evidently through the repetition of â€Å"the next wave†. This concept is again reinforced through the blue brain referencing water and the sea with an underlying commentary on the qualities of water and childhood alike. This concept of childhood memory is later referenced in Harwood’s image of pumpkins â€Å"rising†¦in airy defiance of nature†, a metaphor for her constant trials against the inevitability of death and emergence in â€Å"the fastness of light†. The tone of the poem becomes reflective as the persona and her friend ‘stand in silence amongst the avenues of the dead’, which creates a need for solace and comfort. The silence of a dead human being is furthermore referenced through the image of the skull as it resembles the result of death. Reflection is regarded highly throughout ‘At Mornington’ hence the ongoing reference to silence is important as relfection requires silence and tranquillity. The innocent belief that defying gravity ‘was only a matter of balance’ is reflected in the persona’s present longing to transcend the gravity of death ‘in airy defiance of nature’. The idea of memory is furthered through the use of a dream whereby the persona begins to reconcile transient life with death. The raw and accentuated emotion of the poem turns sober reflection where the persona ‘thinks of death no more’ but is able to confront death through the experience of ‘dreams, pain, memories, love and grief’. From dwelling on mortality emerges a serenity and acceptance inspired by unifying the inescapability of death with an acceptance of human nature and an appreciation of memory and friendship. Likewise, in her poem â€Å"The Violets†, Harwood blends the emotion of grief with a reflection on memory in order to achieve a state of reconciliation. The first stanza depicts a â€Å"melancholy† setting where â€Å"frail† violets excite the persona’s recollection of a poignant childhood experience. Harwood’s adult grief is mirrored by her juvenile outrage at the time which had been â€Å"stolen† from her, and like death, the loss of time is irreplaceable. However the child is ultimately â€Å"reconciled† by the â€Å"sweetness† of the persona’s parents, depicted through Harwood’s use of domestic, homely imagery of the â€Å"long hair† and â€Å"wood stove†. There is a conviction in â€Å"years cannot move† that conveys a sudden awareness that memory’s â€Å"lamplit presences† can in times of despair, be as real to individuals as the present, and so a source of solace. The idea of there being consolation in loss is one that will resonate with readers searching for relief, and the lingering â€Å"scent of violets† shows the longevity of memory and conveys it as eternal, continuing the presence of those physically lost. Gwen Harwood explores and delves into the themes of time, death, childhood and loss which are all intrinsic to human experience. She effectively employs a range of poetic and literary techniques to explore transience, finality and the imperative role of memory.